Taking Charge: How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?
If you find a lump in your breast, notice changes in breast skin, find a swollen lymph node in your armpit, develop a nipple discharge, or if your doctor finds an abnormality on a screening mammogram, 你需要做检查来确定你是否患有乳腺癌.
- Diagnostic mammography. Diagnostic mammograms focus on a specific area of the breast. 可能会有许多不同的观点,包括一些放大异常的观点.
- Breast ultrasound. 超声波,也称为超声,利用高频声波勾勒出身体的一部分. No radiation is involved in the procedure. 超声最常用于区分固体肿块和囊肿. It may also be used to guide a breast biopsy.
- Ductogram. This X-ray test can be helpful in finding the cause of a nipple discharge. 在乳头处的导管开口处插入一根细塑料管. A small amount of contrast dye is injected, 在拍摄x射线图像时,它能勾勒出管道的形状.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 十大赌博平台排行榜们刚刚开始了解如何使用这种成像工具来评估乳腺癌. Your physician may recommend that you have a MRI of the breast, usually as part of a research study, to add to the information available from other tests.
- Nipple discharge examination. 可以收集一些液体并在显微镜下检查是否存在癌细胞. 红色或红棕色的分泌物表明可能是由于癌症引起的血液. A clear or milky secretion is very unlikely to be cancer.
- Biopsy. A biopsy, a procedure in which a tissue sample is taken, must be performed to make sure that you have cancer. 诊断将通过在显微镜下观察活检标本作出. There are several ways of performing biopsies, 这取决于可疑区域的位置以及是否可以通过乳房x光检查或超声波检查感觉到或看到.
- Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. In this procedure, 将一根细针插入乳房的异常区域,抽出少量的液体或组织. 为了引导针头,十大赌博平台排行榜要么触诊(摸)肿块,要么使用超声波.
- Core needle biopsy. This type of biopsy uses a larger needle than FNA. 它从乳房异常处移除一小块圆柱形组织. 如果能感觉到肿块,就在十大赌博平台排行榜办公室进行局部麻醉. 针被引导到与FNA相同的位置.
If the abnormality cannot be felt, a stereotactic core biopsy is performed with computerized mammography. - Surgical biopsy. 可能需要手术切除全部或部分肿块进行检查. 切除性活组织检查去除所有病变,以及周围正常组织的边缘. 这通常在十大赌博平台排行榜门诊部用局部麻醉和镇静剂进行.
有时外科十大赌博平台排行榜会让放射科十大赌博平台排行榜在手术前用金属丝标记该区域,以便定位. 局部麻醉该区域,并在x线引导下将一根细空心针放置在可疑区域. 然后一根细线穿过针,末端有一个小钩子来固定它. 然后取出针,导线用来引导外科十大赌博平台排行榜到必须取出的区域.
Get a second opinion
建议您就您的诊断和治疗选择寻求另一位十大赌博平台排行榜的意见. 从不同的乳腺癌专家那里获得第二意见可以帮助你确认你的诊断,并对你的治疗计划更有信心. 在寻求第二意见之前,请与您的保险公司核实,看看是否有保险范围限制.
Make sure you understand the information
If you are told you have breast cancer, 你会被情感和技术信息淹没. 对你来说,花点时间对你的治疗做出明智的选择是很重要的,也是医学上安全的. 和你的十大赌博平台排行榜讨论你需要多快做出决定.
当你和你的十大赌博平台排行榜见面时,带一个人一起谈谈你的诊断和治疗. 当你情绪低落时,即使是简单的信息也很难理解. Breast cancer treatment is not a simple subject.
Read more
- Next section of Taking Charge: How Is Breast Cancer Treated?
Return to the Taking Charge index
- What Is Breast Cancer?
- Breast Cancer Risk Factors
- If You Are at High Risk for Breast Cancer
- Screening for Breast Cancer
- How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?
- How Is Breast Cancer Treated?
- What Is Ovarian Cancer?
- Who Gets Ovarian Cancer?
- If You Are at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer
- Screening for Ovarian Cancer
- How Is Ovarian Cancer Diagnosed?
- How is Ovarian Cancer Treated?
- Living with Ovarian Cancer
- Diet, Lifestyle and Cancer
- Glossary of Terms
UCSF Health medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.